Munachiso Samuel (Sam) Nwadike
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Research Engineer (II) @ MBZUAI, RIKEN AIP

IRL Photo: Sam

Photo of Sam at the Bay - Munachiso Samuel Nwadike

I am a research-engineer, with dual affiliation to MBZUAI and RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Japan.

I earned my degrees at New York University (BSc) and MBZUAI (MSc).

For full details, please see my "introduction" section below.

Awards

    Introduction

    Current Role & Education

    I am a Research Engineer II at Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), a highly ranked AI university according to CSRankings. I work on interpretability and reasoning in large language models. I earned my M.Sc. in Machine Learning from MBZUAI and my B.Sc. in Computer Science, with a minor in Mathematics, from New York University Abu Dhabi.

    Research Interests

    My research interests center on interpretability, reasoning, language models, and what I call the physics of intelligence. That is, the search for principles underlying increasingly competent, reliable, and human-aligned intelligent behavior.

    Current Research at MINT

    I currently work with Dr. Kentaro Inui at the MBZUAI Interpretability Team, also known as MINT, where we study how language and multimodal models represent knowledge, retrieve information, and develop reasoning-like behavior. Motivated by human cognition as a natural reference point for intelligence, I study how mechanistic explanations can help identify the computational structures and representational dynamics that support flexible and reliable reasoning in AI systems.

    Research Training & Prior Work

    I have been privileged to receive world-class research training from brilliant researchers in AI. I received formative training from Dr. Kun Zhang and Dr. Martin Takáč, and later co-authored RECALL with Dr. Takáč, my first first-author paper as a research engineer at MBZUAI, which appeared in ACL 2025.

    I also worked with Dr. Qirong Ho of Petuum on Bayesian optimization for hyperparameter tuning, helping researchers tune AI systems under strict compute and budget constraints. At NYU, I worked with Dr. Farah Shamout at the Clinical Artificial Intelligence Lab on security and interpretability in AI for medical imaging.

    Selected Publications

    For the full list, please see my Google Scholar .

    2026 · arXiv

    Measuring AI Reasoning: A Guide for Researchers

    Munachiso Samuel Nwadike, Zangir Iklassov, Kareem Ali, Rifo Genadi, Kentaro Inui

    A position-style guide arguing that AI reasoning should be evaluated through adaptive, multi-step search and process evidence, not final-answer accuracy alone. It gives researchers a cleaner lens for diagnosing reasoning traces and failure modes.

    Sycophancy Hides Linearly in the Attention Heads

    Rifo Genadi, Munachiso S. Nwadike, Nurdaulet Mukhituly, Hilal AlQuabeh, Tatsuya Hiraoka, Kentaro Inui

    Finds that sycophancy-related signals are especially linearly accessible in attention-head activations. The work uses probing and steering to show that targeted attention-head interventions can reduce deference to incorrect user beliefs.

    2025 · ACL Long Papers

    RECALL: Library-Like Behavior in Language Models is Enhanced by Self-Referencing Causal Cycles

    Munachiso S. Nwadike, Zangir Iklassov, Toluwani Aremu, Tatsuya Hiraoka, Benjamin Heinzerling, Velibor Bojkovic, Hilal AlQuabeh, Martin Takáč, Kentaro Inui

    Introduces self-referencing causal cycles as a mechanism that helps autoregressive language models retrieve information in reverse or non-standard directions. The paper connects this mechanism to the reversal curse and proposes ReCall as a two-step retrieval process.

    2025 · arXiv

    Number Representations in LLMs: A Computational Parallel to Human Perception

    Hilal AlQuabeh, Velibor Bojkovic, Munachiso S. Nwadike, Ahmed Oumar El-Shangiti, Tatsuya Hiraoka, Kentaro Inui

    Studies whether language models internally encode numbers in a compressed, logarithmic-like way, paralleling human number perception. The results suggest that LLM number representations may be non-uniform rather than linearly spaced.

    News

    August 2023 · Geeniuc Games

    Congratulations to my eight summer interns!

    Congratulations to my 8 interns for successfully completing their summer 2023 internship with Geeniuc Games. It was a pleasure to support their growth and see the projects they built over the summer.

    Geeniuc Games summer 2023 interns

    Paperbox: Click To Read